Laminated glass unit



Patented Nov. 27, 1951 LAMINATED GLASS UNIT DanieL- T.'-, ,Downes;Greightom; Pa-.; assignor .to V 7 Pittsburgh Rlate Glass Company,Allegheny;

Connty,rPa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application May 15;1945;"S'erial No. 593;876"- This. invention relates) lJOTiWiHdOW panelsand it haszparticulari relatioirto; the marginalamountingi ofisuchwindowpanelsr One; object of the."invention-11s :to provideaximeprovedelass or resinous. panelsmounted-imsuch mannersas to leave panel:edges :free from-stresses and. to render: the panels capable-of;withstanding fiuidpressureof relatively greatmagnitudeswithoutbreakingor'leaking.

Another object or the sinvention is 1 to provide an; improved-edge;sealingr'stnucture for: window panels:

In one form'ofxther invention, a windowpa-nel is: mounted by;setting-wits edges in" a bdy--of mastic" or plasticsswhichi: 153713005softrto: mposeexcessive stressesiuponzthe glass, :but: which: canbet-readily 'molded tO, con-form: to-the-contourrof supporting; members*while the; panel .:edge areimbedded therein: Aftertherwindow panel hasbeen positioned--properlyw and'; the -ola-mping or supportingframes-have"beenproperly:positioned; the mastic; which --is-selfc-'curing; becomes-set into theforrn of a toughmatrixx Theparticular type ofgmastic usedifor.thisrpurposer is -yieldalolerandpermits the glass, or othenitransparent: panel, .to bend-under: theinfluencerofr fluid or: otherrpressures:withoutihe;impositionLot-binding :and ex:

cessive:shearing actionswhich would occur if the edges .wereiightlyclampedr, Thisatypeofmountr ing-tiirr; whichuthe;WilIdOWFiDaDBIfiS'fiOaiZiIIgT in: the mastic; is particularly:adaptedytorbe: incorporated in structureszwherei-mitisdiificultgtoiobtain ac curate? alignment; of thee;- pane-ii edges with:1 the supporting; f'rames; for-example; in airplanes where-curving or:streamlining and'trappreciable' flexibility of the ain'craft'fbody areinvolveif In the drawing, Fig: 1 i's'aa fragmentary eleyation offawindow installation; Fig: 2i-i's a frag-" mentary-'crosssection, on:.awlargerscale', taken substantially along the*1ine:-IIII:;of Fig; 1Fig. 3*is a fragmentaryxcross" section similar to. Fig. '2: and.including another =form: ofmar.ginalj construction of a:laminated-window *panel; I Fig: 4' is a fragmentarywelevationiofanother;form: of; windowinstallation; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary: crosssection ona larger." scale; takenisubstantially alongthe line- V -V'Ofr4 Fig: 6 is a fragmentary cross section-similarto Fig. 5 andin' cluding:another form r of marginali construction; Fig.- 7 is a: fragmentaryperspective of a windowpanel of Iaminatedresin: together-with supportstherefor; and Fig. 8-"-is across section similar to Fig; 5 andillustrating-=a plasticpanel andmountings therefor;-

R'ei'erring to Figs: 1'- and 2; a-- laminated glass 2 window panels 1 03- iswmountedrin ;wall section; .I I; andiis :heldinmlace. zthereinxbymeans; ofdnnenand outer: frame :members l4- and ,1 5' surroundinthe;panel Fastenerslfi extending throughopene ings 11 in 'theirame,members hold the 1 latter: in;

proper position; If desired,v the. inner: frame members: [4 canbewelded, asindicatedeat'lh tothe wall section;

The: window panel: Iii-comprises :a-sheet inter-rlayer of organicplastic,- such as: vinyl acetal-i resin, ,upon opposite sides of? which;innerandouter glass. plates 2 31 and v2 4 are-bonded insconrformitywith: conventional practice employedgin. laminating glass. Asz'shown inFig-,- 2, the-inner. glass plate 23 has a: marginal: extension 25-throughout the perimeter of the panel toeformL rabbetedportion 26'.- Abody of; mastic; material till-which is relatively soft'is appliedaround; the. marginal extension 25andfills the rabbeted-:portic-n asitis-pressed by the supporting frame, members I 4 and iii inresponse tothe tightening; of thefasteners I62; The mastioryields easily-and canbepressed. or forced into the spacesbetween the ,frame =membersand theoverlapping exten-r: sion=25 .on ,opposite sides of the-latter.- Stripmetal 3| is placed upon the extension 25 and iSaS/O formed that aportion; of: it extends: diagonally and), then into the form; of; i alip 32 which overlaps and lies flush along the outer sidee-ofr theouter. glass plate 24 at the edge of the latter; Before the mastic bodyis applied to the panel," sealing tape 34"adhesive on both sides is;also applied along the inner frame support" l4 and along the extension25. This tape can be; of'the form and composition described in theapplication of Wallace P; Marshall; Serial No. 540,851,, filed; June;17', 1944,; for:- SealinggMaterial;v and-:.;which is;now Patent"No;-2,460,1813is-' sued-orrJanuary 25; 1949:

After the elements :of the installation have: been assembled: inthemanner specified;- the. mastic: material, which: is: polymerizingimcharactere; is permittediito stand until it 'becomes-souredizand set;It isthen; of sucnstrengthas tOfl'BSiSfAIJIBS-p sureeforcesv-imposedagainstzth'e glass although it is: tyieldable to: suchextent ast' t'o'conform to the movementof the 1 glass under: the influence of bendingstresses :caused byr fluid pressure, such as '--that encountered. in;airplanes; or otherwise-e It is to be understood that the framesupports; [4 and" I 5- are spaced from and' overlap the-exam slon-25-an'd th'at 'th'e inner edge of -the=- fr'ame member I 5 is-b'eveled'as indicated'at In applyingthe mastic whicl'i*=is relatively-= soft;

- a-devi'ce such as acaulking gun oan be employed to force the materialinto the space between the frame members I4 and I5. The nozzle of thegun is applied successively to the openings II that subsequently receivethe fasteners. the preliminary mounting of the frame members, only a fewof these fasteners are applied to insure proper preliminary assembly ofthe elements. After the mastic has been forced into the space betweenthe frames and around'the panel edges, all of the fasteners are thenapplied to hold the mastic in proper form about the glass edges. In thisrelation the mastic becomes set and slight shrinkage occurs. In order tocompensate for this shrinkage, the fasteners are again tightened untilthe frames fit snugly upon the mastic.

Mastic material suitable for use in an installation of this kind can becomposed of alkyd resin which has a consistency somewhat like thickmolasses. In a container holdingthe resin, styrene is added and stirredintimately there- With on a steam bath at a temperature of about 120 F.until a solution is formed. Then the bath is cooled at room temperaturein a cold water bath. Aluminum metal powder, together With a fillerwhich can be in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCOs) or resin dust isstirred into the bath preferably with a mechanical stirring device.Additional stirring with a thin wire will eliminate entrapped air. Theresin dust can be formedfrom a product known as (JR-39 described in thepatent to Muskat et al., No. 2,370,565, dated February 27, 1945. Anadditional ingredient in the form of cobalt resinate or benzoyl peroxideis added to the material as a drier and catalyst.

The final consistency of the material can be controlled by the additionof maleic anhydride which can be varied in the ratio of to 1 part ofmaleic acid for 4 parts of alkyd resin in the bath. The maleic acid isadded to increase the hardness of the mastic which can be quite firmwhen used in connection with marginal mounting of window panels made ofresins such as methyl methacrylate, or of CR-39 above identified.

The following formula has proved to be satisfactory for producing themastic material specified:

Parts by weight Alkyd resin 84 Styrene 56 Aluminum metal powder 14Neutral filler 105 Cobalt resinate 2 In the form of structure shown inFig. 3, the wall II, mounting frames I4 and I5 with welding I8 andfasteners IE extending through opening II are the same as thosedescribed with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. However, another form oflaminated panel 40 is shown in which outer and inner plates of glass Mand 42 are bonded upon opposite sides of a sheet interlayer 45 oforganic. plastic, such as vinyl acetal resin. Strip metal 46 is disposedbetween the marginal portions of the glass plates and is held in placeby the interlayer 45. The outer marginal portion of the strip metalextends beyond the edges of the glass plates and is embedded in a bodyof mastic 49 in the same manner as the extension 25 is installed.Likewise, a metal strip 50 and sealing tape 5| are applied to thisinstallation and correspond to the similar installations 3| and 34described above. It is to be understood that the 4 fasteners I6 extendthrough openings 52 formed in the strip metal 46. The openings aresomewhat larger than the fasteners in order to permit appreciable playof the metal which moves slightly in response to pressure applied to thepanel.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, a circular laminated window panel III! ismounted in a wall section II I and is held therein by means of inner andouter circular frame members H4 and H5 surrounding the panel. FastenersII6 secured through openings I II in the frame members hold the latterin proper assembled relation. If desired, the inner frame member can bewelded,

as indicated at II8, to the wall.

The window panel IIIl includes an interlayer I26 having glass plates I23and I24 bonded upon opposed sides thereof. The interlayer is composed oforganic plastic, such as vinyl acetal resin.

' The edges of plates I23 and I24 are beveled, as indicated at I 25, toform a continuous beveled structure of the composite laminated unit.Mastic material I36 of the same type as that described above withreference to Figs. 1 and 2 surrounds the panel III] which projects intothe mastic to such extent as to cover both sides of the beveled margin.The inner edge of the frame member II5 has a beveled edge I35 that isspaced in opposed relation to the beveled portions I25 of the panel.Strip metal I36 can be placed diagonally in the mastic in the spacebetween the beveled edge of the frame member and the beveled edge of thepanel. The outer portion of the strip overlaps the outer glass plate I24in the form of a lip I38. Sealing tape I40 of the same type as the tape34 is applied between the mastic and the frame member H4 and between themastic and the inner marginal portion of the panel. In this arrangement,pressure from the inner side of the structure is resisted by the masticbetween the beveled portion of the panel and the frame member H5. Thestrip metal I35 also strengthens the structure against pressure thusimposed.

In Fig. 6 the same structure as that shown in Fig. 5 is shown with theexception that a panel I50 of glass which is not laminated is usedinstead of the laminated panel III] and the strip metal I36 is omitted.The panel I50 has a beveled marginal portion I52 which functions in thesame relation to the frame member II5 as that described with referenceto the beveled portions I25. Since the structure is otherwise identicalthe same reference characters are employed to indicate correspondingparts.

As illustrated in Fig. '7, a resinous window panel 2!!) is mounted in awall section 2 and is held in place therein by means of frame structure2I4 surrounding the panel and overlapping its edges. Fasteners 2IBextending through the panel and through openings 2| I formed in the wallsection and in the frame structure hold the latter in properassembledrelation.

The laminated window panel 2I0 comprises a sheet interlayer 220 oforganic plastic, such as vinyl acetal resin, upon opposite sides ofwhich inner and outer plates 223 and 224 of methyl methacrylate resinare bonded. These plates can also be in the form of the CR-39 resinreferred to above. The resin plates are harder than the interposed sheetof plastic 220.

A body of mastic material 230 which is relatively soft and workable isapplied around the marginal portions of the panel 2I0 in the same manneras the mastic 30 is applied to the structure described with reference toFigs. 1 and 2. Before the mastic body 230 is applied to the panelsealing tape 234 corresponding to the tape 34 is applied as a lining tothe inner side of the frame structure 214. Such tape is not requiredalong the marginal portions of the resinous window panel 210 because themastic adheres and bonds firmly to such panel. After the mastic 230 hasbecome set the fasteners are tightened in order to compensate forwhatever shrinkage that may have occurred during the setting action.

In view of the more flexible character of the resinous window 210 themastic 230 used in mounting the panel can be made firmer and harder thanthe mastic 36 in which the edges of the glass panels are imbedded. Inorder to secure the desired additional hardness, maleic anhydride in theproportions indicated above is added in processing the mastic body.

Referring to Fig. 8, a laminated window panel 3l0 is mounted in a wallsection 3 and is held therein by means of inner and outer frame members3M and 3E5 surrounding the panel in the same manner as that describedwith reference to Fig. 1. Fasteners 316 secured through openings 3|! inthe frame members hold the latter in proper assembled relation.

318, to the wall section.

The laminated panel 3H! comprises a sheet interlayer 320 of organicplastic, such as vinyl acetal resin, upon opposite sides of which innerand outer plates 323 and 324 of methyl methacrylate resin are bonded.These plates can be in the form of the CR-39 resin referred to above.The resin plates are harder than the interposed sheet of plastic 320.

The edges of the plates 323 and 324, together with the interlayer 320,are beveled, as indicated at 325, to form a continuous beveled edge ofthe composite laminated unit 310. Mastic material 330 of the same typeas that described above with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 surrounds theunit or panel 3! which projects into, and is bonded to, the mastic tosuch extent as to cover both sides of the beveled margin. The surface ofthe panel 3H! is thus disposed flush with the surface of the wallsection. The outer edge of the frame member 3l5 has a beveled edge 335which is spaced in oposed relation to the beveled portion 325 of thepanel. Sealing tape 340 of the same type as that described above can beapplied as a lining along the inner sides of the frames 3l4. However,the mastic and plastic panel adhere very tenaciously to each other andform an efficient seal without the intervening tape. The mastic isapplied between the frame members in the same manner as that describedwith reference to the other figures of the drawing.

From the foregoing description, it will be understood that the edges ofthe window panel whether composed of glass or resins, are supporteddirectly in floating relation in a body of mastic which is molded to theform of the margins of the panel and the supporting frame structure.Hence, localized stresses which might result from irregular fitting ofthe frame structure and panel are obviated. Likewise, since the masticbody is yieldable, though sufficiently strong to withstand relativelygreat pressure I If desired, the inner frame member can be welded, asindicated at 6 forces imposed upon the panel, the latter can flexuniformly under the action of such pressure forces.

Although illustrative forms of the invention have been shown anddescribecl in detail it will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat the invention is not so limited but that changes can be madetherein without departure from the spirit of the invention or the scopeof the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a windowed wall section, a glass panel having reduced marginalportions, a body of yieldable mastic material sealed to said reducedmarginal portions, said mastic material constituting a matrix holdingthe reduced marginal portions imbedded therein, frame supportssurrounding the panel in overlapping relation to the reduced marginalportions and holding the mastic material on opposite sides of the meanplane of the panel, the mastic material constituting a spacing andsupporting medium between the panel and frame supports on opposite sidesof the reduced marginal portions and supporting said panel in floatingrelation, said mastic material having approximately the followingformula:

Parts by weight Alkyd resin 84 Styrene 56 Aluminum metal powder 14Neutral filler Cobalt resinate dryer 2 2. In a windowed wall section,frame supports defining a panel-receiving opening in the wall sectionand the frame supports in cross section defining a continuous channel, ahomogeneous mass of mastic material in its final form being pliable andyieldable substantially filling said channel the entire length thereof,a bendable window .panel having a marginal extension of less thicknessthan the body of the panel and being at least partially embedded in saidmastic in the channel throughout its perimeter and said panel beingbendable while it is disposed in said yieldable mastic, and strip metalhaving a portion lying substantially coextensively with the marginalextension inside the channel and having another portion extending at anangle thereto and overlapping an adjacent portion of the panel outsidethe channel.

DANIEL T. DOWNES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,283,775 Howe Nov. 5, 19181,628,705 Zimmer May 17, 1927 1,848,907 Schaffert Mar. 8, 1932 2,293,656McClain Aug. 18, 1942 2,326,203 Dennison Aug. 10, 1943 2,356,878 PainterAug. 29, 1944 2,364,512 Bower Dec. 5, 1944 2,388,042 Daily Oct. 30, 19452,403,060 Downes July 2, 1946 2,403,061 Downes July 2, 1946

